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Earth Tones opens on April 22, 2026! Please view our catalog for a complete list of our native plants with pricing and sizes:
Light Exposure Key:
○ - Full Sun
◐ - Part Sun/Part Shade
● - Full Shade
[ To search for a specific native perennial plant on this page, use Command ⌘ + F on a Mac or Control + F on a PC, type the word(s) to find & press 'enter' ]
Native Perennial Plants (alphabetical by botanical name)
A
Actaea pachypoda (Doll's Eyes or Baneberry) ◐-● Moist to Average
Height: 1-3 Feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Berries: White with Black/Purple Centers
Flower: White
Soil: Moist; Well-drained
The unusual berries develop in the summer and add ornamental interest!
Actaea racemosa (Black Cohosh) ◐-● Moist to Average
Height: 2-4 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist; Well-drained
This makes a striking background plant in shade gardens and in woodlands. Enjoyed by pollinators!
Actaea rubra (Red Baneberry) ◐-● Moist to Average
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Fruit: Red Berries
Flower: White
Soil: Moist; well-drained
The fine, airy foliage of this shade loving plant combines well with ferns and Wild Ginger.
Agastache foeniculum (Purple Anise Hyssop) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Purple
Soil: Well-drained
The aromatic foliage and long bottlebrush spikes of purple flowers attract hummingbirds and butterflies.
Ageratina altissima (White Snakeroot) ◐ Average
Height: 1-4 feet
Exposure: Partial Sun/Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Well-drained; Moist
The clusters of white flowers attract many pollinators!
*Allium cernuum (Nodding Onion) ○-◐ Average
Height: 12-16 inches
Exposure: Full/Part Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White/Pale Pink
Soil: Well-drained; Sandy; Loamy
All parts of this plant smell like onion! The flower head droops down making it appear to be nodding!
Allium tricoccum (Wild Leek Ramps) ◐-● Moist to Average
Height: 6-8 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Rich, Moist, Woodland
In the onion family! Foliage and bulbs are edible. Always let some go to seed to continue the population.
*Amsonia tabernaemontana (Eastern Bluestar) ○-◐ Average
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Part Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Blue
Soil: Well-Drained/Average
This friendly neighbor is native to Massachusetts. It attracts butterflies and other pollinators.
Anaphalis margaritacea (Pearly Everlasting) ○ Average
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Dry; Average
Its white flowers attract butterflies and can be used in dried flower arrangements. Blooms in the late Summer. Host plant for American and Painted Lady caterpillar.
Anemone canadensis (Canada Windflower) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 18 inches
Exposure: Full Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist to Dry
A robust plant good for woods edge or in meadows. Will spread quickly by rhizomes.
Anemone virginiana (Tall Windflower) ◐-○ Moist to Average
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Berries: White Fluffy Capsules
Flower: White
Soil: Moist to Dry
This plant is drought and cold tolerant. This plant is said to be deer tolerant as well!
Angelica atropurpurea (Purple-stemmed Great Angelica) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 4-8 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White/ Green
Soil: Moist to Wet
This tall plant has hollow, purple stems topped with white round flowers. Flowers are good nectaring for butterflies.
Antennaria neglecta (Field Pussytoes) ◐ Average to Dry
Height: 8-12 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Dry; Average; Rocky
The flower heads resemble compact tufts of white hair or the pads of cat feet! A good choice for a rock garden.
Antennaria plantaginifolia (Plantain-Leaved Pussytoes) ◐ Average to Dry
Height: 6-12 inches
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Rocky; Well- drained
This small plant attracts butterflies with its stalky flowers! A rock garden favorite! Host to the American Painted Lady.
Aquilegia canadensis (Red Columbine) ◐ Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Flower: Red and Yellow
Soil: Well-drained; Moist; Slightly Acidic
Its bell-like, nodding flowers are attractive to hummingbirds. Occurs in rocky woods, slopes, and ledges.
Aralia nudicaulis (Wild Sarsaparilla) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Early Summer
Berries: Dark Blue to Purple
Flower: Pale Green to White
Soil: Average; Adaptable
Nice shade groundcover. The berries great for wildlife. The rhizomes said to be used to make root beer.
Aralia racemosa (American Spikenard) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 3-6 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Fruit: Dark Purple
Flower: White
Soil: woodland, dry, acidic
Berries edible and great for wildlife. The thick roots of this plant are spicy and aromatic.
Arisaema triphyllum (Jack-in-the- Pulpit) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Fruit: Red Berries
Flower: Green/Purple
Soil: Moist; Rich
This plant is an excellent choice for a shade or woodland wildflower garden! Bright red berries in the fall.
Asarum canadense (Wild Ginger) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 6-12 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Purple/Reddish Brown
Soil: Well-drained; Moist; Acidic
The flowers of this attractive colonizing ground cover bloom very close to the ground. Its roots smell like ginger! Food source for Pipevine Swallowtail butterfly.
Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 2-4 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pink
Soil: Moist to Well-Drained
Attracts butterflies with its fragrant, showy flowers. Naturalizes well. Host plant for Monarch Butterflies.
Asclepias syriaca (Common Milkweed) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pink
Soil: Moist to Dry
This plant is the tallest of the milkweeds. Great for all kinds of butterflies! Host Plant for the Monarch Butterfly.
Asclepias tuberosa (Butterflyweed) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1.5-2 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Orange
Soil: Dry, Well-drained soil
Milkweeds are a host plant for the Monarch butterfly. Asclepias species is necessary for the monarch species to complete its life cycle.
Asclepias verticillata (Whorled Milkweed) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Greenish-White
Soil: Sandy; Dry
This adaptable native is drought tolerant. It is a great source of nectar for many pollinators! Host plant for Monarch Butterfly.
B
Baptisia australis (Blue Wild Indigo) ○-◐ Average
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Blue
Soil: Average; Adaptable
This is a slow-growing flowering plant which blooms June-July and attracts pollinators and butterflies. A dye can be made from the flowers.
Boltonia asteroides (Thousand Flower Aster) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 5-6 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Pale Purple
Soil: Well-drained
Hardy plant that puts out a burst of late season grace. Great for pollinators.
C
Caltha palustris (Marsh Marigold) ○-◐ Moist
Height: 6-12 inches
Exposure: Partial Sun/ Full Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist to Wet
This plant brightens up the water’s edge in early spring with its buttercup-like flowers and bright green, heart-shaped leaves.
Campanula rotundifolia (Bellflower) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 6-15 inches
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Lavender/Blue
Soil: Dry; Sandy; Well-drained
A long-blooming harebell that does well in rock gardens. It attracts hummingbirds.
Caulophyllum thalictroides (Blue Cohosh) ◐≠● Moist
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Fruit: Blue Berries in Summer
Flower: Yellow/Green
Soil: Moist; Rich, alkaline
A terrific shade garden plant that has blue- green foliage and pretty blue berries in the summer.
Chamerion angustifolium (Fireweed) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 2-5 Feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pink
Soil: Well-Drained, Moist
This perennial can colonize quickly in open areas. The flowers last from June to August. This plant does not like competition so give it room to grow.
Chelone glabra (White Turtlehead) ◐ Moist
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist; Rich
The hooded, snapdragon-like flowers grow on tight spikes and are white tinged with pink. A nice addition to wet area.
Claytonia virginica (Spring Beauty) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 6 inches
Exposure: Partial Sun/Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Pink
Soil: Moist, Woodland
A sweetheart of a spring bloomer that thrives in moist woodlands. Pink-veined flowers are a sure sign of spring.
Collinsonia canadensis (Northern Horse Balm) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pale Yellow
Soil: Medium; Well-drained
The foliage and flowers of this plant have a citronella-like fragrance. The leaves can be used to make tea. Flowers enjoyed by hummingbirds and pollinators.
Conoclinium coelestinum (Hardy Ageratum) ○-◐ Average
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Blue/Violet
Soil: Moist
This plant naturalizes readily and attracts butterflies with its numerous blue flowers. Flowers are excellent for cutting and last into fall.
Coreopsis lanceolata (Lance-leaved Tickseed) ○ Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Well-drained; Sandy; Acidic
Tolerates heat, humidity, and drought! A nice addition to any flower arrangement.
Coreopsis rosea (Pink Tickseed) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1-2 Feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pink with Yellow Center
Soil: Moist; Sandy
Birds love to eat the seeds from this pretty flower! It has fine, delicate, green foliage.
Coreopsis tripteris (Tall Tickseed) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 4-8 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Bright Yellow
Soil: Well-drained
These tall plants with brightly colored flowers really stand out in the garden. Attracts butterflies! Handles poor soil conditions.
Coreopsis verticillata (Threadleaf Tickseed) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Dry; Well-drained
This plant is heat, humidity, and drought tolerant! The flowers attract butterflies!
D
Desmodium canadense (Showy Tick Trefoil) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 2-6 feet
Exposure: Full Sun/Partial Sun
Blooms: Midsummer
Flower: Pink
Soil: Moist to Dry
This member of the bean family grows flat seedpods. Great for pollinators.
Dicentra cucullaria (Dutchman's Breeches) ◐ Moist
Height: 3-6 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Early Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Well-drained; Rich woodlands
This spring ephemeral has fern-like gray-green foliage. The white blooms are shaped like a pair of pants!
Dicentra eximia (Wild Bleeding Heart) ◐ Average
Height: 12-18 inches
Exposure: Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Pink
Soil: Well-drained; Moist
This plant has feathery, fern-like foliage that is gray-green in color. Blooms in spring and into the summer!
Doellingeria umbellate (Flat-Topped Aster) ○ Moist
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist to Well Drained
This wetlands flower is important to many species of butterflies and bees.
E
Echinacea pallida (Pale Purple Coneflower) ○ Average
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pale Purple
Soil: Dry; Well-drained
This adaptable, drought tolerant perennial looks beautiful in cut flower arrangements. Attracts butterflies.
Echinacea purpurea (Purple or White Coneflower) ○-◐ Average
Height: 2-5 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Purple
Soil: Average; Well-drained
The flowers attract butterflies and Goldfinch love to eat their seeds! Makes a nice cut or dried flower.
Erigeron pulchellus (Robin-Plantain Fleabane) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 6-16 inches
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Flower: Pale Purple with Yellow Disk Centers
Soil: Rich, Sandy, Moist
This member of the aster family produces numerous flowers! Colonizes well.
Eryngium yuccifolium (Rattlesnake Master) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-5 Feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Sandy
This plant was used medicinally by the Native American Indians. Its flowers are white and bristly.
Erythronium americanum (Yellow Trout Lily) ◐-● Moist
Height: 4-6 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist; Acidic
A tiny lily, blooming in early Spring, gets its named from the leaves which have coloring similar to a Trout fish.
Eupatorium perfoliatum (Thoroughwort Boneset) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist
This plant is suitable for bogs and water gardens. It attracts birds and butterflies.
Eurybia divaricata (White Wood Aster) ◐-● Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: White with Yellow Centers
Soil: Dry; Average
The small, but abundant white flowers are a favorite among butterflies! Drought hardy.
Eurybia macrophylla (Big-leaved Aster) ◐-● Average
Height: 3-4 feet
Exposure: Shade / Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Light Purple
Soil: Dry to Moist; Sandy
This aster has large heart shaped leaves and likes to form dense colonies.
Eutrochium dubium (Coastal Joe Pye Weed) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 4-5 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Dusky Pink
Soil: Moist to Wet
Fluffy seeds provide nesting material for the birds. Attracts butterflies and beneficial insects.
Eutrochium fistulosum (Joe Pye Weed) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 5-7 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer/Fall
Flower: Pink
Soil: Moist to Wet
This tall, bold perennial provides excellent autumn color to the garden! It’s easy to grow and attracts butterflies!
Eutrochium maculatum (Spotted Joe Pye Weed) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 4-7 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Summer/Fall
Flower: Pink
Soil: Moist to Wet
Pollinators love this tall perennial. Named spotted Joe Pye for the spots that appear on the stem.
F
Fragaria vesca (Wood Strawberry) ◐ Average
Height: 4-10 inches
Exposure: Partial Sun/Shade
Blooms: Spring
Fruit: Red
Flower: White with Yellow Center
Soil: Well-drained
Occurs in open woods and rocky meadows. Berries are small but tasty!
G
Gentiana clausa (Bottle Gentian) ◐ Moist
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Purple/Dark Blue
Soil: Moist; Rich
The flowers on this plant never fully open but have a narrow opening for persistent pollinators!
Geranium maculatum (Spotted Crane's Bill) ◐ Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Pink
Soil: Well-drained; Moist; Humusy
This geranium has attractive foliage, is low maintenance and naturalizes well. Good nectaring for pollinators.
Geranium robertianum (Herb Robert) ◐ Average to Dry
Height: 8-18 inches
Exposure: Partial Sun/Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Flower: Pink
Soil: Moist
Named after Robin Hood, its foliage turns red in the fall. Herbalists have used it to help toothaches and nosebleeds. The smell of its leaves can repel mosquitoes when crushed.
Geum rivale (Water Avens) ◐ Moist
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Early Summer
Flower: Orange/Purple
Soil: Moist/ Wet, Rich /Acidic
Each bell-shaped flower is wrapped in a hairy bract. Its seed heads are round and fuzzy.
H
Helenium autumnale (Sneezeweed) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist
In the past, the leaves and flowers of this plant were dried and used as snuff giving rise to its name!
Helenium flexuosum (Purplehead Sneezeweed) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Yellow Rays with Purple Disk
Soil: Moist; Well-drained
Attracts birds and butterflies with its seeds and nectar. It has a deep purple center disk that contrasts nicely with its petals!
Helianthus decapetalus (Thin-leaved Sunflower) ○-◐ Average
Height: 2-5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Well-drained
This member of the aster family likes to grow in the open woods or thickets.
Heliopsis helianthoides (Sunflower Everlasting) ○-◐ Average
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist to Dry
This is a carefree, long lasting plant. It produces loads of blooms!
Heracleum maximum (American Cow Parsnip) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 6-9 feet!
Exposure: Partial Sun/Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist
This plant is the largest member of the carrot family. It attracts birds and butterflies with its giant white flowers. Larval host plant for Black Swallowtail caterpillar.
Heuchera americana (Coral Bells) ◐-● Average
Height: 12-24 inches
Exposure: Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist/Dry
This low growing shade tolerant plant is perfect for woodland gardens. Makes for a great ground cover and has beautiful foliage in the fall.
Hibiscus mocheutos (Swamp Rose Mallow) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 4-6 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White Flower/Red Center
Soil: Moist to Wet
Dinner plate-sized flowers make this native look positively tropical!
Hibiscus mocheutos var. palustris (Pink Swamp Rose Mallow) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 4-6 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pink Flower
Soil: Moist to Wet
Dinner plate-sized flowers make this native look positively tropical!
Houstonia caerulea (Bluets) ◐ Average to Dry
Houstonia caerulea
Height: 4-6 inches tall
Exposure: Part Shade/Full Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White/ Blue
Soil: Dry, Well-drained
Serves as a host plant for the larvae of the Spotted Thyri (Thyris maculata) moth.
Hypoxis hirsuta (Yellow Stargrass) ◐ Average to Dry
Height: 3-7 inches
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Early Summer
Flower: Bright Yellow
Soil: Moist to Dry
This tiny beauty produces tons of flowers and has grass-like foliage. Found in meadows and open woods.
I
Ionactis linariifolia (Stiff-Leaved Aster) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Blue/Violet
Soil: Well-Drained; Dry
This aster blooms in late summer and has stiff, needle-like leaves and purple flowers with a yellow center. It prefers poor, dry soil.
Iris cristata (Dwarf Wood Iris) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 4-8 inches
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Blue and Yellow
Soil: Rich; Well-drained
This early spring bloomer brightens up the garden
early on. Its foliage makes a nice groundcover.
Iris versicolor (Blue Flag Iris) ○-◐ Moist
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Blue Violet
Soil: Moist to Wet; Rich
This is a waterside or shallow water plant that brings a punch of color with its deep blue violet flowers in the spring.
J
*Jeffersonia diphylla (Twinleaf) ◐-● Moist
Height: 6-8 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Early Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Moist
This plant produces seed pods with a cute flip top lid! Enjoys growing in rich woodlands.
K
Krigia virginica (Dwarf Dandelion) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 6-12 inches
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Spring/Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Dry/Average
This adorable member of the aster family has bright yellow flowers that bloom from late spring through summer. A great addition if you are looking for a lower growing perennial to add to your garden.
L
Liatris novae-angliae (New England Blazing Star) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-3 Feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Purple
Soil: Dry, Sandy
Great for dry and sunny gardens. Attracts a variety of butterflies with its bright vibrant button-like flowers. Blooms from August to October. A favorite for the Monarch!
Liatris spicata (Blazing Star) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 3-4 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Purple
Soil: Well-drained; Moist; Rich
The tall spikes of bright purple flowers attract butterflies and goldfinches love to eat its seeds!
Lilium canadense (Canada Lily) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Early Summer
Flower: Orange/Yellow/Red
Soil: Moist; Rich
A very dramatic addition to the garden! Hummingbirds and butterflies love the flowers!
Lobelia cardinalis (Red Cardinal Flower) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 2-5 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Red
Soil: Moist; Rich
This plant produces large spikes of crimson flowers in the summer that attract hummingbirds and butterflies.
Lobelia siphilitica (Great Blue Lobelia) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Blue
Soil: Moist to Wet; Rich
This plant provides late summer color to the garden and looks terrific near ponds or streams.
Lobelia spicata (Palespike Lobelia) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pale Blue
Soil: Rich; Loamy; Moist
This lobelia has better tolerance for dry conditions than others. Produces long spikes of very pale blue flowers.
Lysimachia cilata (Fringed Loosestrife) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1-4 feet
Exposure: Partial Sun/Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist
This plant gets its name from its fringed or toothed flower petals. Found in swamps, shorelines, and wet thickets.
M
Maianthemum canadense (Canada Mayflower) ◐-● Average
Height: 3-4 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Fruit: Red Berries
Flower: White
Soil: Moist to dry woodland
Also called Wild Lily-of-the-Valley. Fragrant! Pairs well with Pennsylvania Sedge.
Maianthemum racemosum (False Solomon's Seal) ◐-● Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Berries: Red
Flower: White
Soil: Dry woodland, Acidic
Produces fragrant, feathery masses of white flowers in the late Spring. Droops of red berries in Fall.
*Mertensia virginica (Virginia Bluebells) ◐ Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Blue
Soil: Well-drained; Moist; Rich
Beautiful blue trumpet-shaped flowers bloom in the spring and mature to pink. This plant goes dormant by mid- summer, so it is best to plant with other flowers.
Mimulus ringens (Allegheny Monkey Flower) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 1-3 Feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Blue/Purple
Soil: Moist to Wet
The flower is said to resemble a smiling monkey! This lovely water garden flower naturalizes well.
Mitchella repens (Partridgeberry) ◐ Average
Height: 1-2 inches
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Fruit: Red Berries
Flower: Pinkish White
Soil: Moist; Acidic
Tiny, low growing evergreen groundcover. Great for woodland gardens. Wildlife enjoy the red berries late into the season.
Mitella diphylla (Fairy Cup) ◐ Average
Height: 8-12 inches
Exposure: Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Moist/Dry
This low-growing perennial has beautiful small flowers with petals that resemble snow-flakes. Important early season nectar source.
Monarda didyma (Bee Balm Oswega Tea) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 3-4 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Crimson Red
Soil: Moist to Dry
This versatile plant is good for dry areas. It is very easy to grow and colonizes easily. The leaves make great tea!
Monarda fistulosa (Purple Wild Bergamot) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-4 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pale Purple
Soil: Well-drained; Average
The flowers are attractive to butterflies and the gray-green leaves can be made into tea.
Monarda punctata (Dotted Mint) (biennial) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pinkish-Purple/Green
Soil: Moist to Dry, Well- drained
This unusual monarda loves poor soils and is a great choice for difficult areas.
O
Oenothera fruticosa (Sundrops) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Well-drained; Dry
Tons of bright yellow flowers really make this perennial stand out in the garden!
P
Packera aurea (Golden Ragwort) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Partial Sun/Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist to Well-drained
This bright yellow daisy makes an excellent cut flower! Makes a good groundcover.
Packera obovata (Round-Leaf Ragwort) ◐ Average
Height: 1 - 1.5 feet
Exposure: Open Shade to part sun
Blooms: Late Spring
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Average, well drained, alkaline
This low-lying evergreen perennial makes a sweet ground cover for shady areas. Great nectar source. Host to Metal Mark butterfly.
Penstemon hirsutus (Hairy Beardtongue) ○-◐ Average
Height: 12-18 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Early Summer
Flower: Violet/Rose with Yellow on Lobes
Soil: Well-drained; Moist to Dry
Its lance-shaped foliage has a sparse covering of long, bristly hairs.
Penstemon pallidus (Pale Beardtongue) ○-◐ Average
Height: 1- 2.5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun/Part Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Well-drained, Dry
Long tongue bees love these tubular flowers. Great early season nectar source for Hummingbirds. Host plant for Common Buckeye.
Phlox divaricata (Wood Phlox) ◐ Average
Height: 12-16 inches
Exposure: Part Sun/Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Moist, average
White spring flowers contrast nicely with its rich green foliage. Fragrant! Good source for nectaring.
Phlox paniculata (Garden Phlox) ○-◐ Average
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pink or White or Lavender
Soil: Moist; Rich
The fragrant flowers of this Phlox attract butterflies and hummingbirds.
Phlox pilosa (Prairie Phlox) ○≠◐ Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Spring
Soil: Sandy, Well-drained
Flowers: Pink Flowers
Hummingbirds love this species! Is adaptable and can tolerate dry to moist soil conditions.
Phlox subulata (Creeping Phlox) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 6-8 inches
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Purple or Pink
Soil: Moist; Well-drained
The needle-like foliage grows in a ground covering mat that becomes covered with flowers in the spring.
Physostegia virginiana (Obedient Plant) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 2-4 Feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Light to Dark Pink or White
Soil: Moist
Lovely pale pink spikes of flowers bloom in the summer. This plant naturalizes well.
Podophyllum peltatum (May Apple) ◐-● Moist to Average
Height: 6-18 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Fruit: Yellow/Green
Flower: White
Soil: Rich/Moist
The pretty white flower and summer fruit are a nice surprise under the umbrella leaf! Excellent for moist woodlands. Fruit loved by wildlife.
Polemonium reptans (Jacob's Ladder) ◐ Average
Height: 12-18 inches
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Blue
Soil: Moist; Well-drained
So named because its leaves are opposite and are said to resemble a primitive step ladder.
Polygonatum biflorum (Wild Soloman's Seal) ◐-● Average
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Fruit: Blue-Black Berries
Flower: White
Soil: Moist; Rich
The small, bell-shaped flowers grow along the underside of the long, arched foliage stems. Pairs well with ferns. Enjoyed by hummingbirds.
Polygonatum biflorum var. communtatum (Giant Soloman's Seal) ◐-● Moist to Average
Height: 3-7 feet
Exposure: Shade/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White/Green
Soil: Moist; Average
This impressive Solomon's seal is a great addition to any woodland garden. It has beautiful dark green foliage and deep purple berries that form in the Fall.
Polygonatum pubescens (Hairy Solomon's Seal) ◐≠● Average to Moist
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Shade/Part Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Moist Rich Soils
Berries of this plant are enjoyed by woodland birds. This is the shortest of the Polygonatum species.
Pycnanthemum incanum (Hoary Mountain Mint) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-4 feet
Exposure: Part Shade/Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist, Well-drained
Host plant for the Gray Hairstreak. Can be considered deer-resistant due to the mint scent/taste, that can deter them from eating it.
Pycnanthemum tenuifolium (Narrow- Leaved Mountain Mint) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White with Purple Spots
Soil: Moist, Well-drained
The slender leaves have an attractive minty fragrance. It attracts butterflies and tons of bees with its numerous tiny flowers.
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Rudbeckia fulgida (Black-Eyed Susan) ○-◐ Average
Height: 2-3 Feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Orange
Soil: Well-drained; Dry to Medium
This flower is excellent as a cut or dried addition to any floral arrangement!
Rudbeckia hirta (Black-Eyed Susan) (biennial) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow Rays with Dark Brown/Black Centers
Soil: Well-drained; Acidic; Moist to Dry
A perennial favorite! A lovely addition to any bouquet!
Rudbeckia laciniata (Cut-Leaf Coneflower) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 6-9 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist; Rich
This tall perennial really stands out in the garden! Attracts butterflies with its many bright daisy-like flowers!
Rudbeckia triloba (Brown-Eyed Susan) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Yellow rays with Brown Centers
Soil: Rich; Moist; Well-drained
This plant attracts butterflies with its profusion of small blooms.
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Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) ◐ Average
Height: 6-9 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Early Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Moist; Well-drained
A harbinger of Spring! Naturalizes well. Its flowers are a bright white with a yellow center.
Scutellaria integrifolia (Entire- Leaved Skullcap) ◐ Average to Dry
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Purple/Blue
Soil: Dry; Sandy; Well-drained
The large, beautifully colored flowers of this plant make it a natural for a butterfly garden!
Sedum ternatum (Wild Stone Crop) ◐ Average
Height: 3-6 inches
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Well-drained; Average
This plant features small, rounded, succulent-like leaves. It makes an excellent groundcover and does well in rock gardens.
Senna hebecarpa (Wild Senna) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 3-5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Fruit: Green Seed Pods
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist
This tall, easy to grow perennial attracts scores of butterflies with its bright yellow flowers!
Silene caroliniana (Wild Pink) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 4-10 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Deep Pink
Soil: Well-drained; Sandy; Rocky
This plant does very well in containers and also naturalizes well. Attracts butterflies.
Silene virginica (Fire Pink Silene) ○-◐ Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Full/Part Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Red
Soil: Well drained
This vibrant perennial can add a splash of color to any sunny loving garden. A great addition to any rock garden.
Sisyrinchium angustifolium (Blue-Eyed Grass) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1-2 feet
Exposure: Part Shade/Full Sun
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Blue
Soil: Well-drained
This plant readily self-seeds. Its short height makes it great to plant along paths and walkways.
Sium suave (Water Parsnip) ○ Moist
Height: 2-6 feet
Exposure: Full/ Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist to Wet
This member of the carrot family has small, white, umbrella-shaped flowers that bloom towards the end of summer.
Solidago caesia (Blue- stemmed Goldenrod) ◐ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Part Shade/Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Well-drained, Dry
Smaller of the goldenrod species and tends to be well-behaved compared to other goldenrods.
Solidago erecta (Slender Goldenrod) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 1-4 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Dry
This goldenrod is drought tolerant and would be a great addition to a rock garden.
Solidago flexicaulis (Zigzag Goldenrod) ◐ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Partial Sun/Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Well-drained/Average
This woodland Goldenrod attracts butterflies and is deer resistant.
Solidago juncea (Early Goldenrod) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-4 Feet
Exposure: Full/Part Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Dry; Sandy
One of the earliest blooming Goldenrods! Attracts butterflies and other pollinators with its pretty yellow flowers.
Solidago nemoralis (Gray Goldenrod) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 6-30 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Early Fall
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Dry, Well- Drained
This small goldenrod is the perfect choice for difficult locations! It blooms later than other goldenrods.
Solidago odora (Anise-scented Goldenrod) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-5 Feet
Exposure: Full/Part Sun
Blooms: Early Fall
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Poor; Sandy; Moist
You can make tea from the leaves and flowers of this plant! Leaves smell like licorice when crushed!
Solidago patula (Rough Leaved Goldenrod) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 2-6 feet
Exposure: Part Shade
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist, Wet Soils
Solidago species are a late season nectar source for bees. Song birds love to eat the seeds off these plants.
Solidago sempervirens (Seaside Goldenrod) ○ Dry
Height: 2-8 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Early Fall
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Dry; Sandy
This large goldenrod has fleshy, waxy leaves. It is typically found on dunes, beaches, or salt marshes.
Solidago speciosa (Showy Goldenrod) ○-◐ Average
Height: 2-5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Dry to Medium; Well-drained
This tall, beautiful plant does NOT cause hay fever! Its flowers often stay into the fall.
Solidago squarrosa (Stout Goldenrod) ○≠◐ Average to Dry
Height: 2-5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer/Fall
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Dry, Well-drained
Goldenrods are an important late season nectar source for pollinators!
Solidago uliginosa (Swamp Goldenrod) ○ Moist
Height: 2-5 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist
This goldenrod is the perfect choice for a bog or water garden.
Stylophorum diphyllum (Celandine Poppy) ◐ Average
Height: 12-18 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Yellow
Soil: Moist, average, Humusy
Its stems contain bright yellow sap that Indians used to make dye.
Symphyotrichum cordifolium (Blue Wood Aster) ◐ Average
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Fall
Flower: Blue with Yellow Centers
Soil: Rich; Moist; Well-drained
This fall bloomer adds color to shady areas and attracts butterflies. Tons of flowers!
Symphyotrichum laeve (Smooth Aster) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-4 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Fall
Flower: Purple/Yellow Center
Soil: Well-drained; Dry
Often found in fields and open woods, this aster attracts butterflies with its fall flowers.
Symphyotrichum novae-angliae (New England Aster) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 3-6 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Purple
Soil: Moist to Well-drained
This plant produces tons of flowers that attract butterflies. It also makes a nice cut flower.
Symphyotrichum novae-belgii (New York Aster) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 1-4 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Violet with Yellow
Soil: Moist to Wet; Well-drained
This tall aster likes to grow along the water's edge.
Symphyotrichum patens (Spreading Aster) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full Sun/Part Shade
Blooms: Fall
Flower: Purple
Soil: Dry; Well-drained
This aster can be distinguished from others by its rough, hairy stems which have a white coating. The purple flowers attract butterflies.
Symphyotrichum racemosum (Smooth White Oldfield Aster) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 2-3 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist
This aster attracts butterflies with its multitude of tiny, white flowers that form along arching, purple- tinged branches.
Symplocarpus foetidus (Skunk Cabbage) ◐ Moist
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Purple/Green/Red
Soil: Wet; Moist; Swampy
Early Spring wetland plant that can create its own heat to melt snow! Leaves, when bruised, have a fetid smell that attracts insects to pollinate the plant. Turkeys eat fruit.
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Tephrosia virginiana (Wild Goat's Rue) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pink/Yellow
Soil: Dry; Well-drained
This plant has a feathery silver foliage with blooms that are pink and yellow. This is a wonderful choice for poor, dry or sandy soil and is a natural nitrogen fixer.
Teucrium canadense (Germander Wild Sage) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1-4 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Flower: Pink/White/Lavender
Soil: Moist to Wet
This member of the mint family has gray-green foliage. It attracts butterflies.
Thalictrum pubescens (Meadow Rue) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 3-8 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Summer
Flower: White
Soil: Moist
This plant has delicate, finely divided leaves with white starburst flowers.
Thalictrum thalictroides (Rue Anemone) ◐ Average
Height: 6-8 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Well-drained; Woodland
This long-blooming, early spring flower offers an early nectaring source. Goes dormant in Summer.
Tiarella cordifolia (Foam Flower) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 6-12 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White/Pink
Soil: Average; Well-drained
Fluffy wands of soft flowers appear in the spring. Its lush foliage adds nice texture until it snows. Perfect for a shady woodland garden!
Tradescantia virginiana (Spiderwort) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Flower: Blue/ Violet
Soil: Moist; Well-drained
This plant has graceful, grass-like stems with blue to purple flowers in the late spring. Cut it back when it is finished blooming for a fresh flush growth.
Trichostema dichotomum (Forked Blue Curls) _____________
Height: 1-3 feet
Exposure: Part Sun/Part Shade
Blooms: Late Summer/Fall
Flower: Blue/Purple
Soil: Sandy; Dry
This plant is characterized by its long, curled stamens and flowers that open in the morning. It blooms from late Summer into Fall.
Trillium erectum (Purple Trillium) ◐ Moist
Height: 6-20 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Dark Red
Soil: Moist; Acidic
The classic spring flower in an intense color! A perfect woodlander.
Trillium grandiflorum (White Trillium) ◐ Average
Height: 8-20 inches
Exposure: Full/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: White
Soil: Rich; Moist, alkaline
This distinctive three-leaved, three-petaled ephemeral is a dainty proclamation of Spring.
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Verbena hastata (Blue Vervain) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 3-6 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Early Summer
Flower: Blue-Purple
Soil: Moist to Wet
This plant has bold flower color and beautiful foliage! Makes a great tall accent plant.
Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed) ○ Moist to Average
Height: 4-6 feet
Exposure: Full Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: Purple
Soil: Moist/Wet; Acidic; Rich
Features numerous, tiny, fluffy deep purple flowers. The name Ironweed refers to the rust color of its fading flowers and its seeds.
Veronicastrum virginicum (Culver's Root) ○-◐ Moist to Average
Height: 3-6 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Late Summer
Flower: White/Pale Pink
Soil: Moist; Well-drained
Blooms late in the season and is perfect with asters, ironweed, boneset and goldenrod. Produces huge, dramatic, firecracker flowers!
Viola sagittata (Ovate- leaved Violet) ○-◐ Average to Dry
Height: 4-6 inches
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Spring
Flower: Purple
Soil: Dry, Sandy
This tiny native has gorgeous deep purple flowers in the late spring.
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Yucca filamentosa (Yucca) ○ Average to Dry
Height: 3-6 feet
Exposure: Full/Partial Sun
Blooms: Summer
Fruit: Green/Brown Capsules
Flower: Creamy White
Soil: Well-drained; Sandy to Moist
An evergreen with a Southwestern look!
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Zizia aurea (Golden Alexander) ◐ Moist to Average
Height: 1- 3 feet
Exposure: Sun/Partial Shade
Blooms: Late Spring
Flower: Bright Yellow
Soil: Moist; Loamy
This easy to grow perennial attracts many insects seeking pollen and nectar.
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